Testicular Cancer: Understanding, Diagnosis, and Treatment
At Gediz Health, we provide comprehensive care for men diagnosed with testicular cancer, a type of malignancy affecting the testicles. Early detection and advanced treatments have significantly improved outcomes, making testicular cancer one of the most treatable cancers. Our multidisciplinary team ensures precise diagnosis, personalized treatment plans, and compassionate support throughout the journey.
What is Testicular Cancer?
Testicular cancer occurs when malignant (cancerous) cells form in the tissues of one or both testicles. It is most commonly diagnosed in men aged 20-35 and, though relatively rare, is highly treatable, especially when caught early.
Types of Testicular Cancer
1. Seminoma
Originates from young germ cells.
Grows slowly and is less likely to spread.
Represents 30-40% of testicular cancers.
Responds well to radiation and chemotherapy.
2. Non-Seminoma
Develops from more mature germ cells.
Tends to grow and spread more aggressively.
Often diagnosed in younger men.
Includes subtypes such as embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma.
3. Mixed Germ Cell Tumors
A combination of seminoma and non-seminoma cells.
Treated based on the non-seminoma characteristics.
Risk Factors for Testicular Cancer
Undescended Testicle (Cryptorchidism):
Failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum before birth.
Race/Ethnicity:
More common in non-Hispanic white males.
Family or Personal History:
Having a family history of testicular cancer increases risk.
Infertility:
Men with infertility are at a slightly higher risk.
Age:
Most cases occur in men aged 20-35.
Symptoms of Testicular Cancer
A painless lump or swelling in either testicle.
A heavy or aching sensation in the scrotum.
Sudden fluid buildup in the scrotum.
Pain or discomfort in the scrotum or lower abdomen.
A change in testicle size or firmness.
Back pain or breast tenderness (in advanced stages).
If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical advice immediately.
Diagnosis of Testicular Cancer
1. Physical Examination:
The doctor checks for lumps, swelling, or abnormalities.
2. Ultrasound:
A non-invasive imaging test to detect abnormalities in the testicle.
3. Tumor Marker Blood Tests:
Measures levels of specific proteins (e.g., AFP, HCG, LDH) associated with testicular cancer.
4. Inguinal Orchiectomy:
Surgical removal of the affected testicle for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
5. Imaging Tests (CT Scans, X-Rays):
Determines if cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Stages of Testicular Cancer
Stage 0:
Abnormal cells remain within the testicular tubules.
Stage I:
Cancer is confined to the testicle.
Subclassified into IA, IB, and IS based on tumor size and marker levels.
Stage II:
Cancer has spread to retroperitoneal lymph nodes in the abdomen.
Further divided into IIA, IIB, and IIC.
Stage III:
Cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes, lungs, or other organs.
Includes subcategories IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC.
Treatment Options for Testicular Cancer
1. Surgery
Orchiectomy:
Removal of the affected testicle to prevent cancer spread.
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND):
Removal of lymph nodes in the abdomen.
Can be performed robotically for precision and faster recovery.
2. Radiation Therapy
Targets seminomas to prevent recurrence.
High-energy X-rays destroy cancer cells.
3. Chemotherapy
Uses drugs like cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin to kill cancer cells.
Effective for both seminomas and non-seminomas, especially in advanced stages.
4. Robotic Surgery
Minimally invasive approach for lymph node dissection.
Offers smaller incisions, 3D visualization, and quicker recovery.
Self-Examination for Early Detection
Performing a monthly testicular self-exam (TSE) helps in early detection:
Timing: After a warm shower, when the scrotum is relaxed.
Technique: Gently roll each testicle between your thumb and fingers, feeling for lumps or irregularities.
Normal Findings:
A cord-like structure (epididymis) at the back of the testicle is normal.
Testicles should feel smooth and firm but not hard.
Seek Medical Advice:
Report any lumps, swelling, or changes to a doctor immediately.
Prognosis and Survival Rates
Testicular cancer is highly treatable, with a 95% cure rate overall.
Early detection increases the cure rate to 98%.
Even advanced stages respond well to modern therapies.
Why Choose Gediz Health for Testicular Cancer Care?
Expert Multidisciplinary Team:
Experienced oncologists, urologists, and surgeons providing comprehensive care.
Advanced Technology:
Robotic-assisted surgeries and state-of-the-art diagnostic tools.
Customized Treatment Plans:
Tailored to the patient’s type and stage of cancer.
Supportive Care:
Psychological counseling and follow-up services for holistic recovery.
Health Tourism in Antalya:
Premium medical care combined with the opportunity to recuperate in a beautiful Mediterranean setting.
Contact Us Today
At Gediz Health, we are committed to providing compassionate, effective care for men facing testicular cancer. Contact us now to schedule a consultation and learn more about our advanced treatment options in Antalya, Turkey.
