At Gediz Health, we provide specialized care for pediatric conditions, including undescended testicle (cryptorchidism). With early diagnosis and advanced surgical techniques, we aim to ensure optimal outcomes for male reproductive health.
What is an Undescended Testicle?
An undescended testicle occurs when one or both testicles fail to move into the scrotum before birth or within the first few months of life. Normally, testicles form in the abdomen during fetal development and descend into the scrotum before birth. In some cases, this process is incomplete, leading to cryptorchidism.
Prevalence
3-5% of full-term male infants are born with an undescended testicle.
The incidence increases to 30% in premature infants.
In most cases, the testicle will descend on its own within the first 6 months. If not, medical intervention is required.
Types of Undescended Testicles
Palpable Testicle:
The testicle is located but has not descended into the scrotum.
It is commonly found in the inguinal canal.
Non-Palpable Testicle:
The testicle cannot be felt during physical examination.
It may be located in the abdomen, absent, or underdeveloped.
Symptoms of an Undescended Testicle
Absence of one or both testicles in the scrotum.
An empty or underdeveloped scrotum.
Asymmetrical appearance of the scrotum.
Note: This condition is usually painless and detected during routine pediatric check-ups.
Causes and Risk Factors
Premature Birth: Testicles may not have enough time to descend before birth.
Low Birth Weight: Infants with lower birth weights are at higher risk.
Hormonal Imbalances: Hormonal problems during pregnancy may interfere with testicle development or descent.
Genetic Factors: Family history of undescended testicles or related conditions increases risk.
Maternal Health: Smoking, alcohol use, or exposure to certain chemicals during pregnancy can increase risk.
Complications of an Undescended Testicle
Infertility:
Elevated temperatures inside the abdomen may impair sperm production, affecting fertility in adulthood.
Testicular Cancer:
Men with a history of cryptorchidism have a slightly higher risk of testicular cancer, especially if untreated.
Hernia:
An undescended testicle is often associated with an inguinal hernia.
Testicular Torsion:
Twisting of the spermatic cord can cut off blood supply to the testicle, causing pain and damage.
Psychological Impact:
An empty or asymmetrical scrotum may lead to self-esteem issues during adolescence.
Diagnosis
1. Physical Examination
A pediatrician or pediatric urologist will examine the scrotum and groin area to locate the testicle.
2. Imaging Studies
Ultrasound: Helps locate a non-palpable testicle.
MRI or CT Scans: Rarely required but used in complex cases.
3. Diagnostic Laparoscopy
Minimally invasive procedure to locate an undescended or absent testicle, particularly for non-palpable cases.
Treatment Options
1. Observation
Testicles may descend naturally within the first 6 months of life. No intervention is needed during this period.
2. Hormonal Therapy
Hormone injections, such as hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), may stimulate testicle descent.
Limited efficacy and rarely used as a primary treatment.
3. Surgical Intervention (Orchiopexy)
The most effective treatment for undescended testicles.
Performed around 6-12 months of age to minimize complications.
Procedure:
The surgeon locates the undescended testicle and secures it in the scrotum.
If the testicle is underdeveloped or damaged, removal (orchiectomy) may be necessary.
4. Laparoscopic Surgery
Used for non-palpable testicles located in the abdomen.
Minimally invasive, ensuring faster recovery and minimal scarring.
Post-Treatment Care
Follow-Up: Regular check-ups to monitor testicular growth and function.
Ultrasound: Ensures the testicle remains in position.
Fertility Counseling: For older patients, discussions about reproductive health and fertility may be necessary.
Why Early Treatment Matters
Early treatment of cryptorchidism reduces the risk of complications such as infertility and cancer. Orchiopexy performed before 18 months of age offers the best outcomes for future fertility and testicular function.
Why Choose Gediz Health?
Expert Pediatric Urologists: Our team specializes in minimally invasive and laparoscopic surgeries for children.
State-of-the-Art Facilities: Advanced diagnostic tools and surgical equipment.
Comprehensive Care: From diagnosis to post-surgical follow-up, we provide holistic support for patients and families.
Convenient Location in Antalya: Enjoy world-class care in one of Turkey’s premier health tourism destinations.
Contact Us
If your child has been diagnosed with an undescended testicle or you have concerns about their reproductive health, contact Gediz Health today. Our expert team is here to guide you through every step of the process.
