Male Infertility

Male infertility is the male contribution when a couple cannot conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. The male factor plays a role in a significant proportion of cases, and many causes are treatable.

Male reproduction depends on healthy sperm production, sperm quality and open transport pathways. Assessment is done with history, examination, semen analysis (spermiogram) and, when needed, hormonal/genetic tests.

Correctable causes such as varicocele, hormonal disorders or transport blockages are investigated. The goal is to increase the chance of fatherhood — naturally where possible, and with assisted reproduction when needed.

Symptoms

• No pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse
• Abnormal sperm count/motility/morphology on analysis
• In some cases, varicocele-related findings
• Often no outward symptoms

Causes

• Varicocele (enlarged testicular veins)
• Hormonal disorders
• Sperm production problems (including azoospermia)
• Blockage of transport pathways
• Genetic factors
• Lifestyle and environmental factors

When Should You Seek Help?

If pregnancy has not occurred after one year (6 months if the partner is over 35) of unprotected intercourse, male assessment is recommended. Evaluating the couple together gives the most accurate result.